Fertilization of food waste management in UTHM’s cafeteria using arduino

Everyday food is consumed by humans for survival and basic needs for daily consumption. When humans eat food, there will be waste such as unfinished food or bones. With increasing food waste on earth, it can cause many kinds of diseases if the waste is not managed properly. Tons of food waste are created yearly on earth. To overcome the food waste problem, composting was introduced so we can recycle the food waste into compost fertilizer that can help improve soil nutrition. This research paper presents an overview of Fertilization of Food Waste Management in UTHM’s Cafeteria. This project aims to produce compost fertilizer within a shorter time. The machine will preserve the food waste and let it decompose by letting good bacteria eat the waste. The machine will create an optimum temperature so that the microorganism can live and decompose food waste into fertilizer. Temperature and moisture are monitored during the decomposition of food waste. With the help of this machine, food wastage produces daily can be reduced. Different kinds of pollution and sickness can also be reduced so that humans can live in a healthy world

Dynamic tunability enhancement of reflectarray antenna using non-homogeneous dielectric materials

The conventional antenna systems require the mechanical movement of beam scanning antenna to meet the demands of emerging field of communications. To overcome the flaw of the mechanical movement an electronically tunable reflectarray antenna based on non-homogeneous properties of substrate materials has been introduced. This research study provides a thorough investigation on the tunability performance of reflectarrays designed in X-band frequency range. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the functionality of an active reflectarray antenna with optimized loss performance and enhanced dynamic phase range. Different types of reflectarray resonant elements such as rectangular, dipole and ring are discussed here with different design configurations based on their ability of frequency tunability and dynamic phase range. Commercially available computer models of CST Microwave Studio and Ansoft HFSS have been used to investigate the phase agility characteristics of reflectarray resonant elements printed above various non�homogeneous materials (0.17≤ ∆ε ≤0.45). The analytical approach has been used to develop equations for progressive phase distribution and frequency tunability of individual reflectarray element which is validated by CST simulations. The results obtained from theoretical investigations have been further validated by experimental implementations. An optimized configuration of non-homogeneous Liquid Crystal (LC) material with 0.5 mm thickness below the resonant element has been designed and tested by waveguide scattering parameter measurements. An external bias voltage of 0V to 20V has been applied across the LC substrate of individual resonant elements in order to obtain the electronic tunability. The three resonant elements namely rectangular, dipole and ring offer a measured dynamic phase range of 95°, 153° and 197° respectively at 10 GHz using the proposed design configuration. Moreover, the ring element attains a 107% higher dynamic tunability with a 56% reduction in the reflective area as compared to rectangular element

Investigation Of The Responses Of Passive Vehicle Suspension Models In Order To Obtain Better Understanding Of Their Performance Limits

The suspension systems are designed to be effectively isolate the vibration and absorb the shock of the obstacles on the road and improving the ride comfort of the car passengers. There are several types of suspension used in a vehicle. Recent developments in multivariable control and microprocessor have led to implementation of modern control algorithms to be used on vehicle suspension systems and control the suspension behavior electronically. This kind of development has potential to increase the overall performanc

The Asymmetric Synthesis of Several Fragrant Natural Products

The thesis covers the synthetic routes to the jasmonoids, in particular the methyl jasmonates. It is divided into several chapters. The initial chapter covers background on the jasmonates including the discovery, occurrence in nature and the biosynthesis of these compounds along with the more recent research into their biological activity as plant pheromones. This section also focuses in more detail, using selected examples from the chemical literature, on the various syntheses to methyl dihydrojasmonates (hedione), methyl frans-jasmonates and methyl epi-jasmonates together with the problems associated with these. Chapter 2 explores synthetic routes to the trans-jasmonoids in particular methyl dihydrojasmonate. A particular emphasis is placed upon the asymmetric conjugate addition reaction, using extended enolates of homochiral phospholidinone templates (derived from homochiral ephedrine), to afford methyl frans-dihydrojasmonates (hedione) in high enantioselectivity. This asymmetric conjugate reaction is further explored in Chapter 3 where we use this synthetic asymmetric methodology is used to prepare both enantiomers of methyl frans-jasmonates proceeding via a functionalised enone system. The synthesis of the intermediates required for the conjugate additions are also presented. In Chapter 4 a novel route to racemic epi-jasmonate is discussed. The synthetic routes concentrate on a Diels-Alder strategy. It includes our initial investigations comprising, the cycloaddition reactions of 2-cyclopenten-1-one with 2-methoxybutadiene and isoprene using various Lewis acids, together with a synthetic route to a racemic mixture epi-jasmonate using concentrated solutions of lithium perchlorate to catalyse the Diels-Alder reaction of 2- cyclopenten-1-one spiroketals with isoprene. This synthetic route was developed further by using chiral spiroketals of 2-cyclopenten-1-one derived from tartaric acid, in an attempt to introduce chirality during the cycloaddition. This work also provided an insight into the mechanism of this particular cycloaddition reaction. Chapter 5 highlights the two synthetic routes to the calythrone analogue (n-butyl-3,4- dimethylcyclopent-3-en-2,3-dione). The first route is based upon the rearrangement of a derivative of 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride. The latter comprises the Pauson-Khand reaction to establish the functionalised cyclopentendione skeleton. Finally a formal description of the experimental results and procedures is presented

Comparison of green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens) and zigzag leafhopper (Recilia dorsalis) population in paddy field at Merlimau, Melaka / Muhammad Hisyam Hashim

Paddy is one of the major crops that are grown in most of the country in the world. The biggest challenge in planting paddy crop is the attack from the pest especially common insect pest that are found in paddy field which are Green Leafhopper (GLH) and Zigzag Leafhopper (ZLH). The study was conducted on a paddy area in Merlimau, Malacca for a duration of 5 weeks, which the data is collected twice a week. The aim of the study is to identify which insect pest is more severe between two major insect pests on paddy field which are GLH (Nephotettix virescens) and ZLH (Recilia dorsalis).Insect collection was done by using yellow sticky trap, with 3 replication for each collection. From the study, ZLH is more abundant compared to GLH as ZLH has the mean of 8.40 compared to 6.20 of GLH. The SPSS result also shows that the data collection between GLH and ZLH is non-significant to each other where (p>0.05). Some of the factor that contributes to the high collection of ZLH compared to GLH is the poor weed management and also less effective broadcast seeding procedure

Pesticides and Drinking Water

Pesticides are internationally used harmful chemicals that are used to control pest attack on crops. Commonly pesticides are used to kill insects (insecticides), weeds (herbicides), fungus (fungicides), rodents (rodenticides) and some others. They pollute water bodies and agricultural products in different ways and consuming their residues by drinking water or eating foods may lead to serious health complications. Modern agriculture practices based on pesticide use are the lead cause of water contamination. There is needed to take serious steps to minimize water pollution caused by pesticides to achieve healthy life style. Due to extensive use of pesticides there is need of more research to modify the pesticide chemistry leading to the minimization of health risks and the introduction of nature friendly, less hazardous alternatives. This review highlight uses of pesticides and there acute and chronic side effects on human health and their role in water pollution

A study of ocfafative corstitucall system with / Muhammad Jauhari Hashim

Malaysia with a population of nearly 15 millions is a Federation of thirteen states, headed by His Majesty, the Yang Di Pertuan Agong (hereinafter called the King''. The Federation has 14- legislatives and 14 governments, i .e ; one for the Federation and one for each of the thirteen states. Each of the nine Malay States (which were formerly British profectorates) is headed by a hereditary Sultan and each of the four states (formerly British Colony) by a Governor appointed by the King. The Federation first come into existence in I 896 and in 1946 it was enlarged to embrace all the states (including the two colonies of Malacca and Penang) on the Malay Peninsula, and named the Malayan Union. In 1948 it was renamed the Federation of Malaya with a new constitution. On August 31st, 1957, it was granted independence by the British. In 1963 the Federation was further enlarged and renamed Malaysia

A Study on Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of Soft Technology Implementation in Manufacturing Companies

The study aims to identify the possible critical factors that contribute to the success of soft technology such as Total Quality Management (TQM) and Just-In-Time (JIT) implementation in manufacturing companies. This study also investigates soft technology and technology adoption, using the critical success factors (CSFs) approach, implementation success factors, indicators of technology success, and some previous studies. The data collected using a mailed questionnaires survey of manufacturing companies in the state of Selangor. Result of the study shows that top management support and commitment and proper strategic planning are the success factors for manufacturing companies in implementation soft technology. The relationship between those two variables is significant and correlation is very strong. The outcomes provide useful insights into our knowledge of how these possible critical factors will be useful in devising suitable approaches that will benefit manufacturing companies. A set of questionnaires were sent to 100 organizations within the manufacturing companies in Selangor